Legal Regulation of Arms Control and Disarmament in Outer Space: Quo vadis PAROS?

Abstract

The legal regulation of arms control and disarmament in outer space faces significant challenges due to rapid technological progress and the absence of binding international treaties. This study analyzes existing legal mechanisms, particularly the PAROS initiative (Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space), aimed at preventing the militarization of outer space. It focuses on the shortcomings of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty and the need to strengthen the legal framework in the light of new technologies, including anti-satellite weapons. The study examines the positions of major global actors, especially the United States, the Russian Federation, China, and the European Union, and their influence on shaping norms of space security. Finally, it proposes directions toward an effective multilateral system that would ensure the peaceful use of outer space and prevent its militarization.